As soon as iteration is completed, the entire system is subjected to testing. Feedback from testing is immediately available and is incorporated in the next cycle. The testing time required in successive iteration can be reduced based on the experience gained from past iterations.
The main advantage of iterative development is the test feedback is immediately available at the end of each cycle. This model increases communication overheads significantly since, at the end of each cycle, feedback about deliverables, effort etc must be given. Traditional software development methodologies work on the premise that software requirements remain constant throughout the project. But with an increase in complexity, the requirements undergo numerous changes and continuously evolve.
At times, the customer himself is not sure what he wants. In Agile methodology, software is developed in incremental, rapid cycles. Interactions amongst customers, developers and client are emphasized rather than processes and tools. The agile methodology focuses on responding to change rather than extensive planning.
Incremental testing is used in agile development methods and hence, every release of the project is tested thoroughly. This ensures that any bugs in the system are fixed before the next release.
Constant client interaction means added time pressure on all stakeholders including the client themselves, software development and test teams. Extreme programming is a type of agile methodology which beliefs in short development cycles. A project is divided into simple engineering tasks. Type testing jntu lecture is not there is okay but not be? List of Experiments software engineering lab manual jntuh Page No.
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Such situations can around the reputation of outstanding company. Recording the interactions allows to determine various bugs that need to be fixed. When the test is completed, WinRunner will provide with detailed information regarding the results. It will show the errors that were found, and it will also give important information about them. The good news about these tests is that they can be reused many times.
WinRunner will test the computer program in a way that is very similar to normal user interactions. This is important, because it ensures a high level of accuracy and realism. Even if an engineer is not physically present, the Recover manager will troubleshoot any problems that may occur, and this will allow the tests to be completed without errors.
The Recover Manager is a powerful tool that can assist users with various scenarios. This is important, especially when important data needs to be recovered. The goal of WinRunner is to make sure business processes are properly carried out. WinRunner Testing Modes Every time you perform an operation on the application being tested, a TSL statement describing the object selected and the action performed is generated in the test script.
The GUI map consists of files maintained separately from your test scripts. If the user interface of your application changes, you have to update only the GUI map, instead of hundreds of tests. This allows you to easily reuse your Context Sensitive test scripts on future versions of your application.
To run a test, you simply play back the test script. WinRunner emulates a user by moving the mouse pointer over your application, selecting objects, and entering keyboard input. WinRunner reads the object descriptions in the GUI map and then searches in the application being tested for objects matching these descriptions.
It can locate objects in a window even if their placement has changed. Analog Analog mode records mouse clicks, keyboard input, and the exact x- and y-coordinates traveled by the mouse. When the test is run, WinRunner retraces the mouse tracks. Use Analog mode when exact mouse coordinates are important to your test, such as when testing a drawing application.
Alternatively, you can add descriptions of individual objects to the GUI map by clicking objects while recording a test. Create Tests Next is creation of test scripts by recording, programming, or a combination of both. While recording tests, insert checkpoints where we want to check the response of the application being tested. We can insert checkpoints that check GUI objects, bitmaps, and databases. During this process, WinRunner captures data and saves it as expected results—the expected response of the application being tested.
Debug Tests One can set breakpoints, monitor variables, and control how tests are run to identify and isolate defects. Test results are saved in the debug folder, which can be discarded once debugging is finished.
When WinRunner runs a test, it checks each script line for basic syntax errors, like incorrect syntax or missing elements in If, While, Switch, and For statements. Run Tests Tests can be run in Verify mode to test the application. Each time WinRunner encounters a checkpoint in the test script, it compares the current data of the application being tested to the expected data captured earlier.
If any mismatches are found, WinRunner captures them as actual results. View Results Following each test run, WinRunner displays the results in a report. The report details all the major events that occurred during the run, such as checkpoints, error messages, system messages, or user messages. If mismatches are detected at checkpoints during the test run, we can view the expected results nd the actual results from the Test Results window.
In cases of bitmap mismatches, one can also view a bitmap that displays only the difference between the expected and actual results. We can view results in the standard WinRunner report view or in the Unified report view. The WinRunner report view displays the test results in a Windows-style viewer.
Report Defects If a test run fails due to a defect in the application being tested, one can report information about the defect directly from the Test Results window. This information is sent via e-mail to the quality assurance manager, who tracks the defect until it is fixed.
Using Winrunner Window Before you begin creating tests, you should familiarize yourself with the WinRunner main window. From the Welcome window you can create a new test, open an existing test, or view an overview of WinRunner in your default browser. The Main WinRunner Window The main WinRunner window contains the following key elements: WinRunner title bar Menu bar, with drop-down menus of WinRunner commands Standard toolbar, with buttons of commands commonly used when running a test User toolbar, with commands commonly used while creating a test Status bar, with information on the current command, the line number of the insertion point and the name of the current results folder The Standard toolbar provides easy access to frequently performed tasks, such as opening, executing, and saving tests, and viewing test results.
Standard Toolbar The User toolbar displays the tools you frequently use to create test scripts. By default, the User toolbar is hidden. When you create tests, you can minimize the WinRunner window and work exclusively from the toolbar.
The User toolbar is customizable. When you re-open WinRunner, the User toolbar appears as it was when you last closed it. The commands on the Standard toolbar and the User toolbar are described in detail in subsequent lessons. Note that you can also execute many commands using softkeys. Softkeys are keyboard shortcuts for carrying out menu commands. You can configure the softkey combinations for your keyboard using the Softkey Configuration utility in your WinRunner program group.
Now that you are familiar with the main WinRunner window, take a few minutes to explore these window components before proceeding to the next lesson. Selenium Selenium provides a rich set of testing functions specifically geared to the needs of testing of a web application. These operations are highly flexible, allowing many options for locating UI elements and comparing expected test results against actual application behavior.
Selenium Components Selenium is composed of three major tools. Each one has a specific role in aiding the development of web application test automation. Selenium-Grid Selenium-Grid allows the Selenium-RC solution to scale for large test suites or test suites that must be run in multiple environments.
With Selenium-Grid, multiple instances of Selenium-RC are running on various operating system and browser configurations; Each of these when launching register with a hub. When tests are sent to the hub they are then redirected to an available Selenium-RC, which will launch the browser and run the test.
This allows for running tests in parallel, with the entire test suite theoretically taking only as long to run as the longest individual test. Flexibility and Extensibility Selenium is highly flexible.
This allows users to customize the generated code to fit in with their own test frameworks. Finally, Selenium is an Open Source project where code can be modified and enhancements can be submitted for contribution. Test Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.
The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all. Test suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Additionally, if C is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC than some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite.
Few typical Selenium commands. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used. Multiple users can access this database and query, add and manage these bugs. Bugzilla essentially comes to the rescue of a group of people working together on a product as it enables them to view current bugs and make contributions to resolve issues.
Its basic repository nature works out better than the mailing list concept and an organized database is always easier to work with. Bugzilla is very adaptable to various situations. Known uses currently include IT support queues, Systems Administration deployment management, chip design and development problem tracking both pre-and-post fabrication , and software and hardware bug tracking for luminaries such as Redhat, NASA, Linux-Mandrake, and VA Systems.
Combined with systems such as CVS, Bugzilla provides a powerful, easy-to-use solution to configuration management and replication problems.
Bugzilla can dramatically increase the productivity and accountability of individual employees by providing a documented workflow and positive feedback for good performance. The bugzilla utility basically allows to do the following: Add a bug into the database Review existing bug reports Manage the content Bugzilla is organised in the form of bug reports that give all the information needed about a particular bug.
A bug report would consist of the following fields. At a minimum, we should change the following items, to suit our particular need: Click Parameters at the bottom of the page. Under Required Settings, add an email address in the maintainer field. Click Save Changes.
Assume that the upper limit for the size of any side is Derive test cases for your program based on boundary-value analysis, execute the test cases and discuss the results. For any queries Contact: The basic idea is to use input variables at their minimum, just above minimum, nominal, just below their maximum and maximum. Considering Triangle program, we have three variables a, b and c. Each variables value ranges from 1 to Again keeping variable b and c as nominal combine with 5 values of a.
Analyse it from the perspective of boundary value testing, derive different test cases, execute these test cases and discuss the test results. Analyze it from the perspective of boundary value testing, derive different test cases, execute these test cases and discuss the test results.
Assume the upper limit for the size of any side is Derive test cases for your program based on equivalence class partitioning, execute the test cases and discuss the results. Analyse it from the perspective of equivalence class testing, derive different test cases, execute these test cases and discuss the test results.
Analyze it from the perspective of equivalence class value testing, derive different test cases, execute these test cases and discuss the test results. Enter valid values for day and year from equivalence WR5 classes and invalid value for month. Enter valid values for day and year from equivalence SR2 classes and invalid value for month. SR10 Enter valid value for year from equivalence classes and Day, Month out of invalid values for day and month.
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